The bachelor thesis is processed according to the literature search. In the current state of the problem, we dealt with the characteristics and process of burning of the wood and solids. We individually describe the components that form the structure of the wood pulp. Thesis further analyze the complex characteristics – physical, mechanic and fire engineering, both positive and negative, which are affecting the wood pulp. An important part of bachelor thesis, forming a entirety, is the explanation of the concept of burning, which all affects and follows burning. How and why it comes to the ignition process and why the burning of wood in the space persists and does not disappear. For us, the main part and the goal was to characterize the charred layer. In the partial goals we focused on the course of the formation of the charred layer and the rate of its formation. In the thesis were identified material and energetic factors influencing the attributes and formation of the charred layer. We explained he autoretardial character and the influence of the charred layer on the change in the attributes of the wood pulp. The content of the work is a summary of theoretical knowledge about wood, its structure and the genesis of the charred layer in burning conditions even in the case of an unwelcome situation, such as fire.