Ventilation design of road and highway tunnels is a serious process in which it is necessary to take into account a number of factors. The aim of ventilation is primarily to ensure sufficient visibility in the tunnel, compliance with specified limits of substances for short and long term exposure in the tunnel, comply with emission limits in a tunnel environment and in case of fire, not least in particular the control of the spread of smoke in the tunnel tube and ensure smokeless space and escape routes. Thesis focuses on the mentioned road and motorway tunnels in order to assess the impact of ventilation on the development of a fire. In this work are analyzed and then evaluated the results of the real parameters of the embodiments of outsized fire test 854 m tunnel Memorial to fire 100 MW, which are based on the methodology compared with the results obtained from computer simulation created by the program Fire Dynamics Simulator - FDS. Comparison of the results of outsized fire test and the results of computer simulation of fire showed the merits and benefits of its use, but also the need for detailed analysis and precise specifying of important boundary conditions. The above gives a prerequisite to obtaining relevant endpoints fire. The computer simulation is not always possible to cover all boundary conditions and unexpected scenarios such as the impact of human error, but it is important and constantly evolving supplement when designing fire safety as road, as well as motorway tunnels.