Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] is ecologically and economically of the mostimportant species of coniferous trees in Europe. Its natural occurence are in central Europeacross the Alps, the Carpathians and the Balkans, and in northern Europe from the west coastof Norway, to far into the Russia mainland. In central Europe, spruce (was artificially plantedin the 1950s. Growing of this species outside its natural range had of negative and positiveeffects. Spruce is tree that is often attacked by abiotic and biotic damaging factors. Spruce foreststands in Slovakia create a specific environment for the occurrence of a lagre number of fungalspecies, which grow either only in such biocenosis or also in biocenosis, where is spruce moreor less presented. The aim of the disertation thesis was to evaluate the ecology and diversity ofmacromycetes in spruce monocultures, which were planted on former agricultural soils: (i) todetermine the species spectrum of macromycetes on the research plots of different age of foreststands, (ii) record the dynamics of selected ecological and mycocoenological factors (e.g.abundance and relative abundance, dominance and succession of species, production ofsprocarps, ecotrophic groups, mycorrhizal potential, Shannon diversity index and others), (iii)investigate the issues of the autecology of selected genera of macromycetes (e.g. the generaArmillaria spp., Heterobasidion spp., Laccaria spp., Mycena alcalina agg.). Altogether werecorded 37 ectomycorrhizal species, at least in the youngest 24-year-old stands (19 species),most in the oldest 54-year-olds (25) in 2016. The greatest variability of values for speciesrichness was found in the 31-year-old stand and the smallest value in the 51-year-old stand. Forabundance values, the variability of values in the youngest 24-year-old stand was highest, andthe lowest in the oldest 54-year-old stand. The dependence of abundance and species richnesswas significant only in the comparing of the middle age forest (34-years-old stand) and theoldest age forest (54-years-old stand). During 2016-2018 the number of ectomycorrhizalmacromycetes increased to 51 species. In fir-beech stands on the locality Kováčová accordingto individual ecotrophic groups we found: 55 wood-inhabiting, 32 ectomycorrhizal and 27terrestrial saprotrophs. When comparing natural mixed forest stands (Kozí chrbát locality) andspruce monocultures (Priehalina locality) in Poľana Mts, total 122 species of macromyceteswere found (Kozí chrbát), while in spruce monocultures only 92 species were found(Priehalina). It follows that in the mixed natural forests we find a larger species spectrum of9fungi. In spruce monocultures in the locality Vrchdobroč we identified 59 wood-inhabitingmacromycetes (at most in 54-year-old stands: 38 and at least in 24-year-old stands: 27 species).The results of our research have confirmed significant impacts by individual ecotrophic fungigroups. The abundance, species richness and biomass production of the bases of woodinhabitingmacromycetes is most influenced by the age of the forest stand. In the case of firbeechstands, the greatest influence is also the season and the age-season interaction. Thespecies richness, abundance and biomass production of ectomycorrhizal fungi are influencedby the season. This group of fungi is also affected by temperature, precipitation and the contensof carbon in soil. Terrestrial saprotrophic fungi (abundance, species richness and productionof fruiting bodies) in fir-beech stands were influenced by season, but for spruce monoculturesthis dependence was not shown. The highest production of biomass of sporocarps hasectomycorrhizal fungi in the youngest stands. The optimal average night temperature for thehighest values of abundance, species diversity and biomass production of ectomycorrhizal andterrestrial species is 8.2 - 10 ºC. It has been shown that the production of biomass depends moreon temperature than on precipitation activity. In spruce monocultures of the locality Vrchdobročthe biggest damage to trees is caused by insects and forest animals. We also confirmed thepresence of dangerous pathogens of the genus Heterobasidion spp. (Heterobasidion annosum,H. abietinum, H. parviporum) as well as of the genus Armillaria spp. (Armillaria ostoyae, A.cepistipes). The highest values of mycorrhizal percentage are presented in the youngest standsand the lowest in older stands. The dynamics of these values speak of the older the stand thelower the value of the mycorrhizal percentage. In fir-beech stands, most of the indicator woodinhabitingmacromycetes (WIM) are in the youngest stand. On the contrary, it is the case ofWIM growing in the spruce monoculture of the locality Vrchdobroč, where it has been shownthat in the oldest stands there is a higher number of indicator species. In the case ofectomycorrhizal species in the spruce monoculture, the number of indicator species found isrelatively balanced depending on the age of the forest stand.