This diploma thesis represents a summary of theoretical knowledge from the field of fire ignition sources, individual ways of their classification and characteristics of the chosen types. Part of this work concerns the issue of the process of burning. The practical part focuses on the evaluation of fires in area of the Slovak Republic in a time period starting from 2009 to 2013, from the point of view of initiators of ignition of fire, with a subsequent analysis of the influence of those ignition sources that were most frequently present in the given area during the observed time. The work contains also Fire Prevention Measures Proposal. The aim of the proposal is reduction of the fires and decrease in the size of material damages caused by fires in the Slovak Republic.