The main aim of the dissertation thesis is to evaluate the use of wood and wood waste in the context of the green economy through the assessment of cascading use of wood and carbon storage in harvested wood products (HWPs) in an effort to promote a rational use of wood in Slovakia. Research results tent to answer the question, to what extent the wood and HWPs have an impact on reducing the carbon footprint. The thesis consists of the synthesis of knowledge regarding the issue of production and use of wood raw material and production of the main HWPs. Theoretical background is divided into the four basic areas and focus on the area of wood material flows, green economy, carbon storage in wood and HWPs, and cascading use of wood. The thesis also describes modern concepts, namely, circular economy and bioeconomy, which are closely related to the green economy and resources reuse. In order to assess the efficient use of the available wood resources structure, it was necessary to analyse the flows of wood material and wood waste in the wood processing industry (WPI). In order to assess the cascading use of wood it was necessary to form the wood balance and wood resources balance. Material flow analysis was needed for the quantification of the volume of stored carbon in the main HWP categories and to assess the potential of wood waste to reduce the carbon footprint. Methodological procedures recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were used for the research purposes. The results of this work present an up-to-date overview of the use of available wood material structure in the current conditions of the Slovak Republic and the quantified benefit following from the carbon stored in HWPs under different ways of wood utilisation. For this reason, there were various scenarios of wood and wood waste utilisation identified in the thesis, taking into account, besides the current situation, also model approaches reflecting either the more efficient use of wood waste or the increased use of wood to produce products with as long life cycle as possible. The material flow analysis also confirmed the increasing level of cascading use of wood in Slovakia, which represents additional contribution of the WPI to the green economy.