The diploma thesis traces several levels of the issue of illegal emigration from Czechoslovakia. It deals with the group of those inhabitants of Czechoslovakia who, for various reasons, did not identify themselves with the new regime and refused to accept it as totalitarian. Therefore, they often chose to flee abroad. Illegal emigration was an unpleasant phenomenon for the regime, so it tried to prevent it mainly by strengthening the protection of the border area, which made the situation of those fleeing more difficult. The more porous the border became, the more often they used the services of smugglers across the border, even for large sums of money. In addition, the regime sought to punish by example those it apprehended while fleeing. Illegally crossing the border was classified as a criminal offence, with charges of treason and espionage piled on top. The court therefore imposed heavy sentences, including the highest ones, in order to underline the danger of the defendants' crimes. People attempted to cross the border in various ways - on foot, by crossing the Morava and Danube rivers, and the most bizarre means of escape were by plane, the common motive of those fleeing being their opposition to the regime and the impossibility of self-realisation. In examining and categorizing the individual cases, the thesis is based on archival documents from the funds of the State Prosecutor's Office, Bratislava Department and the State Court, Bratislava Department during the period of their functioning in 1948 - 1952.