The thesis deals with the verification of the efficiency of ethylene oxide sterilization on spruce wood (Picea abies) intentionally infected with wood-destroying fungi and molds. Four species of wood-destroying fungi (Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Poria placenta, Serpula lacrymans) and five species of molds (Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium purpurogenum, Trichoderma virens) were used for the experiment. Sterilization of samples was carried out in the sterilizer of the Slovak National Gallery at Zvolen Castle. Three sterilization programs were tested which differed in parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity and sterilization time. Mycelial growth recovery and sterilization efficacy were assessed by a visual method on diagnostic medium for two weeks after sterilization. The results of the experiments show that ethylene oxide sterilization is highly effective for the sterilization of wood attacked by wood-destroying fungi, while the temperature used in sterilization programs also had a significant effect on fungal mycelial mortality.