The most important source of phosphorus is phosphate rock, which is non-renewable and is considered one of the EU's critical raw materials. Municipal wastewater and sewage sludge represent a promising source of phosphorus as a substitute for phosphate rock. The diploma thesis presents the possibilities of recycling and recovery of phosphorus from wastewater and sewage sludge. The introductory parts of the work deal with the issue of wastewater treatment and sludge. The main part of the thesis has a review character. It examines various studies, methods and procedures for phosphorus recycling in the field of wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash. Adsorption, precipitation and struvite crystallization are among the most widely used methods of recycling phosphorus from wastewater. Acid extraction methods based on the separation of heavy metals from the final phosphorus product are characteristic of phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge. The most important source of phosphorus among the mentioned possibilities is ash after incineration of sewage sludge, from which it is possible to obtain a high yield of phosphorus using thermochemical and hydrometallurgical methods.