The subject of the Master’s Thesis is the analysis and evaluation of the current status of flood control practices and the tendencies of their development, with emphasis on environmentally-friendly solutions in the basin of the upper course of the Hron River, Slovakia. Flood control measures are also examined with regard to the current climate change. The theoretical part of the Thesis contains an overview of essential terms and definitions, and an outline of the applicable legislation and current flood control trends. The practical part of the Thesis presents specific environmentally-oriented projects and evaluates the results of a survey conducted among municipal administrations on the issue of flood risks and flood control measures based on water retention solutions. In line with the aims of the Thesis, the survey results were used as inputs for the analysis of cost-efficiency of the respective water retention measures, including their role in sustainable development in the conditions of the climate change with its consequent hydrological impacts. In the last part of the Thesis, recommendations for improvement of river basin management with regard to advantages of green infrastructure over the grey one are drawn up.