The bachelor thesis was created in order to comprehensively characterize and analyze water protection issue. This issue is analyzed from several perspectives and segments, starting with basic principles and legislation focused on effective and well-knitted water protection, which based on increased requirements in the society is inevitable. However, much bigger attention is straightened on the pollution of water, individual forms of environmental crime commited in the field of water protection and on methods, which are suitable for exposing this types of environmental crime and reliably determine their scope. The main idea of the work is therefore highlight individual segments connected with the water protection and refer on their mutual connections, which are in fight against environmental crime extremely important.