The aim of the bachelor thesis is a basic overview of thermal insulation materials and their characteristics. This overview includes the division of insulating materials from different perspectives - by function, by the material used, with the emphasis on reaction to fire. These include natural, mineral or foam insulation. An important part of the thesis are the required properties of thermal insulation materials, types of thermal insulation systems, methods of heat transfer or reasons for thermal insulation at present. Another part of the thesis is the division of individual insulation materials according to the composition as well as the comparison of their properties. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the reaction to fire of selected thermal insulation materials.