The habilitation thesis first deals with the wood as a material suitable for special application, mainly for the production of musical instruments but also it describes wood as a construction material from the point of view of acoustics. There are presented various wood species which have required and optimal properties for the production of structural parts for special wood products. In the following, there are also expressed proposed cutting schemes suitable for the production of special wood products, especially musical instruments. The main aim of the thesis is to assess methodology of non-destructive evaluation of wood properties and wood quality by the acoustic methods which are applied in the examination of physical-acoustical wood properties: resonant dynamic method (system MEAFRA), method of modal analysis for harmonic excitation using the Chladni patterns (apparatus VIBROVIZER), method for the assessment of sound absorption coefficient and acoustic impedance in impedance tubes by the application of Kundt's impedance tube (platform PULSE). Final chapters of this thesis present experiments and application of assessed research acoustical methods. By their application, there were reached and discussed results with relevant physical and acoustical characteristics of domestic and exotic wood species (wood density ρ, modulus of elasticity along the wood grain EL, acoustical constant A, speed of sound along the wood grain cL, logarithmic damping decrement, specific acoustic impedance Z) and sound absorption coefficient of wood and wood-based materials, which were applied at objectively evaluation of wood quality within the general and wide content.