In our thesis, 326 individuals from 29 populations in Central Europe were analyzed by using nuclear microsatellites. Genetic variability (observed and effective number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity) was determined by using 7 locus. Genetic differentiation was determined by UPGMA method and the Bayesian clustering method. In terms of genetic multiplicity, the Austrian Ligist population dominated. We differentiated the analyzed populations into 3 genetic groups on the basis of our results. We clearly differentiated from other populations the southernmost population named Protomagno from Italy. Differentiation of other populations cannot be unambiguously stated. We assume that the geomorphological boundary between the Alps and the Carpathians can be considered the border between other populations. The results of our work can clarify the genetic variability and genetic differentiation of the silver fir population in Central Europe. Moreover, the results of our work may also help the proper management of the gene pool and thus halt the continuing decline in the representation of this species in forest ecosystems.