This dissertation study examines properties of sorbents (Eco dry plus, Reo amos, Ex perlit and Absodan plus) and describes modern methods of and evaluation. Selected sorbents were tested in compliance with the standard ASTM F 726 and new test method for sorbent performance on different surfaces was developed. Furthermore, possibilities for chemical cleaning (recuperation) were determined. The theoretical part includes properties of sorbents, categories of sorbents, issues related to the topic and relevant regulations governing their usage by fire and rescue services in Slovakia. In addition to that, a proposal of new test method for sorption capacity was elaborated and it was tested on different surfaces, e.g. asphalt and concrete. In the methodology section, the proposal and procedures are described in detail. In the practical part, experiments are presented, sorption capacities are measured using different methods and the results are evaluated. Sorption capacity was tested, when sorbents were applied to spilled engine oil 10W-40 and diesel engine oil. Measured values were compared with the standard values. The test results show the sorption capacity of sorbents applied to engine oil and diesel engine oil which were spilled on different surfaces. Sorbent Reo amos has proved to be the most suitable sorbent for fire and rescue service intervention. Scientific contribution of this paper resides in the assessment of parameters affecting the sorption capacity and in the development of new test method for sorbents, which can be used by fire and rescue services.