The doctoral thesis deals with the problems of logistics processes and of optimizing the management of harvesting and timber transport in the chosen areas of three countries in the European Union.The main aim was to evaluate chosen parameters and carry out an analysis of logistics processes in harvesting and timber transport in the territory of the Forest District of Chorin (Brandeburg, Federal Republic of Germany) and their subsequent comparison with the practical results achieved in the School Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými hory (Czech Republic) and in the University Forest Enterprise in Zvolen (Slovak Republic). Apart from economic activities, the compared organisations have also pedagogical and research activities connected especially with relevant university institutions and research institutes. From the viewpoint of comparing, the thesis is divided into two compared categories, namely at a state level and at an enterprise level. To observe, analyse, and evaluate the chosen parameters we used the standard methods of direct observations and measurements in the field within 14 economic units of the forest district, the gathering and evaluating of written documents, statistics, and research works. The methods were supplemented with structured discussions with forest management staff, with buyers of wood raw material, and operators of forestry activities. Indirect methods of observing by means of structured discussions and consultations were going on in the following phase at the compared university institutions.The selection of the parameters for the doctoral thesis has been set by the author on the basis of many years´ experience in the field of production and forest district management. They are the parameters having the impact on logistics processes starting with planning, harvesting, measuring, skidding, and hauling of wood mass.The greatest emphasis of the thesis is placed on the parameters in the spheres of the particular planning of harvesting in forest stands, modern methods of volume measuring, and the significance of the good forest road network.Apart from other activities, as a solution to optimizing and improving logistics processes for practical use we recommend professional implementation of preparatory work for harvesting, improving and simplification of the conditions for selection procedures and contracts of purchase and sale, using the modern methods of wood volume measurements, optimizing in forest stand dividing up and opening up, and improving the state of forest road network. The optimization is possible only with a sufficient number of professional staff of these institutions in cooperation with reliable contractors of forestry operations.