In this thesis there is the basic overview of road vehicles. In case of motor vehicles there are examples of individual body types, the main characteristics of motor vehicles and their various uses. Then in the thesis is stated an overview of the methodologies used to measure the fuel consumption of motor vehicles and the amount of emissions. The aim of the work is to measure fuel consumption on selected types of motor vehicles with almost the same operating weight but different types of combustion engines on the same test track. This is mainly due to the fact that in real life, modern supercharged low-volume combustion engines consume more fuel than is shown by the values of individual vehicle manufacturers and also consume more fuel in comparison with older high-volume non-supercharged combustion engines.