The increasing interest in passive and low energy houses offers us the possibility of building a house using natural materials. The big unknown to the public is that safe, passive and low energy houses can also be built from straw bales. At the same time, CO2 emissions are reduced because with the use of natural material production of emissions is minimal. The Bachelor thesis deals with the theoretical analysis of the issue in the field of material solutions of structural elements of wood-based buildings with a focus on the use of natural materials in wood-based building structures in terms of fire safety. At the same time, it deals with the importance of passive and low-energy wood constructions using natural materials and analysis focused on houses made from straw bales and on the fire resistance of their load-bearing and non-load bearing structures according to available fire tests.A part of the thesis is a project of a specific wood-based house with self-supporting straw and clay plaster with anticipated fire resistance in accordance to the Decree of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Slovak Republic no. 94/2004, Coll. and its project standard STN 92 0201-2: 2017 and available sources. According to available foreign literature sources, in chapter 3.3 it has been proven that straw wall plastered on both sides meets the required class of resistance F90, it even exceeds the class (degree of safety V. more than 120 min.). Thus, houses constructed this way are safe and meet all requirements for passive and low-energy houses.