Neurological diseases resulting from vertebral and spinal cord injury are very common in the clinical practice of small animals. For pets and their owners the spinal cord injury (SCI) is often frustrating, and it tends to be linked to poor prognosis in terms of recovery of function of affected limbs or body parts. In dogs, SCI usually manifests sensory and motor deficits accompanied by ataxia, pain, paresis or paralysis and urinary incontinence. Despite the large number of treatment strategies used under the experimental and clinical conditions, the prognosis and outcome after SCI is still largely unpredictable. The prognosis is mainly related to soon and correctly selected diagnosis and subsequent adequate therapy. In addition, the resulting prognosis affect factors such as the cause and severity of traumatic spinal cord injury, the time interval from trauma to the right therapy, and the overall management of the neurological patient. This habilitation work is a set of works that provide a comprehensive view of the diagnosis and therapy of neurological diseases arising from the spine and spinal sord in clinical practice and in experimental model of the contussive spinal cord injury in rat.