Presented dissertation thesis deals with the current problem of monument restoration practice, when adaptation modifications of historic architecture caused by change of the function and increasing technical demands on energy savings often lead to such changes in the architectural attributes of the objects, which mean to weaken even disappearance of their original cultural values. The problem is examined on the industrial heritage buildings, selected segment of former power plants, which were built using technology of unplanned brick from the exterior side. The change in the use of abandoned production buildings/sites into new non-production functions usually requires adaptation/conversion interventions conditional to nature and operation of the new usage, character and condition of the original structure and capacity of structure reusability. In the past, construction of industrial buildings and sites for the original production function had to meet completely different technical, operational and hygiene rules than current non-production functions have to meet nowadays. The differences in the functions requirements are reflected in the need of material interventions. The thesis discusses the theoretical possibility of application of new materials under international conventions on the protection of cultural heritage. The current requirements are discussed for a new function of objects of the former industrial valuable buildings. Thesis theoretically summarizes the available evidence on the development of new aerogel based materials with the property of excellent thermal insulation properties. From a technical point of view, eventual application of aerogels and use is monitored in practice. A compiled an overview of the available types of material with aerogel basic illustrates the range of usage pallet and seeks for the application versatility in the restoration of valuable industrial heritage objects. Identified range of materials and options of its application is theoretically evaluated in the application matrix. Important conservation aspects of the application impact are rated in restoration of the industrial heritage facades i.e. affect to the authenticity of the original material, interference with the integrity of the structure and compatibility with existing original and application reversibility. The series of experiments verify the effects of selected potential material - liquid transparent paint insulation with aerogel basis, on the important conservation aspects and measure effectiveness of this application for renewal of a brick facade. The aim of the thesis is to assess the suitability of the use of new aerogel based materials on the brick facades of selected power plants at adaptation/conversion interventions in terms of preserving cultural values of industrial heritage.