This dissertation thesis pays a careful attention to the problem of sustainability and protection of architectural heritage with the emphasis placed on finding potentials and limits of sustainable interventions into historic structures in architectural and urban dimension. It responds to the actual topic of CO2 decreasing in objects with historic value, which also supports its production. The dissertation thesis is also a reaction to European instruction no. 2010/31/EU of European parliament and the Council of the European Union from 19th of May 2010 about energy efficiency of buildings saying that valuable historic buildings do not have to reach the requirement of high energy efficiency in case the states decides in another way. Thanks to the higher pressure of demand, we often met with a requirement of application of similar interventions without care of types of objects in the current praxis. This thesis is looking for possibilities on how to assume an attitude based on a systematic approach. It works with a concept of model studies and scenarios, which were proved mainly in quite complicated and complex tasks as the monument protection is mainly considered to be. Thesis is also aimed on the integration of solar technologies and other renewable sources in historic area with care of its character and development scenarios. Research is focused on renovation of the orphanage in town Modra, where the entire process is exemplified in architectural and urban dimension. Dissertation thesis is coupled with a topic of cultural sustainability, which divides this problem from qualitative and quantitative point of view. It shows that sustainability system is closely connected to the culture, which has an irreplaceable place being its qualitative factor.