Proposed diploma thesis comes with evaluation of economic efficiency and potential of buidings from straw and earth. The evaluation is carried on real building of Comunity straw house with congeneric building built by present construction methods. The thesis reffers to use of straw and earth in history of buiding industry and characterize history and evolution of straw and earth buildings, describes characteristics of straw bales as a construction material and its use in various construction variants and focus on milestones of straw buildings in Slovak Republic, refering to legislation and possibilities of building straw buildings. Based on gained theoretical knowledge and project documentation, the thesis quantifies costs of straw-bale building and compare them with costs of building built by present construction methods. Resulting values clearly show that straw building, conected to correct use of natural sources meet demands of ecological, economic, social and sustainable construction.