The oil spills, and the spillage of oil into the environment takes place almost every day. The first chapter is an experiment to assess the impact of oil on environmental issues, the release of which occurs in emergencies. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part includes a literature search focused on emergencies, hazardous materials, oil products and role for the Fire and Rescue Service. It also includes an overview of products used in the removal of hazardous substances. The second chapter of diploma work deals with the environment, the impact of oil on the individual components of the environment: water and soil, as well as the removal of oil spills in emergencies. In the experimental part are simulated oil spills to water, soil and solid surface. Determination of extractable non-polar substances are an indicator, based on which we have examined the efficacy of sorbents to remove oil pollution in water and soil. Of the samples taken, the quantification of extractable non-polar substances, which was compared with the limit value laid down in legislation.