The Master Thesis deals with the study of alternative sources of biomass and its potential as a primary raw material in the production of pellets.In the theoretical part of the thesis we focused on the raw material base, available technologies for biomass processing and pellet production, fuel analysis and expected innovations in the production of pellets.The practical part contains a comparison of properties of selected plants, chemical composition of raw material - solid biomass samplesand elementary composition of wheat straw, grain-triticale, Chinese-miscanthus, grass, wood, straw, wood chips.At the end of the thesis we deal with the most advantageous raw material for the production of pellets in terms of the above-mentioned criteria.