Wood is a natural material affected by biotic and abiotic wood-destroying agents. Therefore, it is necessary to protect wood products and materials against action of biotic and abiotic agents using either structural arrangements or wood treatment, coating. Coating is the most common way of wood protection against biotic wood-destroying agents. At the present time, various coatings are available on the market. In spite of the number of coatings, there is a question, whether the coating contains substances toxic to wood-destroying agents and environmental-friendly at the same time. Examples of such as coatings are substances in the nature. People in the past were familiar with their positive impacts. Forasmuch the wood can be considered one of the oldest structural material, people in the pastwere aware of proper wood treatment in order to increase its durability and utility. Natural materials used by them were as follows: clay coatings, flax oil or excess engine oil, slaked lime, wax, ash, tar oils or cattle blood. These coatings were used for exterior as well as interior treatment of timber structures or furniture, according to their needs. Research part of the thesis devoted to determination of coating effectiveness was inspired by traditional “recipes” of coatings used by people in the past. Wooden houses all over Europe treated by natural-based coatings can be used as a demonstration of effectiveness of mentioned coatings. My researchwas aimed at creating “recipes” of traditional coatings following the knowledge from older literature combined with facts given in modern literature.The outcomes of my research can inspire further development of protective natural-based coatings not only effective against wood-destroying agents but also environmental-friendly.