In this thesis I focused on the evaluation of physico-chemical and microbial soil properties at plots with different land use. The plots differ mainly due to the environmental conditions as a consequence of different usage patterns, which can affect soil properties, and especially micro-organisms living there. My thesis focused on the comparison and evaluation of soil properties in forest land, grassland and arable land. In addition, I also focused on the comparison of individual properties of soil during the growing season (in the spring, summer and autumn). We collected soil samples in 2016; the study plots were situated near the village of Tŕnie. Samples were analysed after sampling in the laboratory for the determination of physico-chemical properties: soil moisture, soil reaction in the water, and potassium salt, the contents of nitrogen and carbon, and the C/N ratio. Among the microbial properties we determined: basal respiration, activity of catalase, N-mineralization, microbial biomass carbon, abundance and diversity of functional groups of soil microorganisms. Based on the results of the physico-chemical analyzes, we found the highest value of all physico-chemical attributes in the forest land, lower values were observed in the grassland, while the lowest values were recorded in the arable land. Microbial properties did not exhibit such a uniform pattern; however, most of the characteristics reached the highest values also in forest soil and conversely, the lowest in the arable soil. Generally, physico-chemical properties did not differed significantly between the seasons unlike of soil microbial properties. In conclusion we can say that the highest value of soil attributes was observed in areas least affected by man, that is in forest land, and conversely, the lowest in arable land, which is strongly influenced by man.