The thesis deals with the ecological view on wood constructions, methods and assessment of environmental characteristics. The practical part is focused on the design of a reference family house and subsequently on the analysis and confrontation of environmental properties of wooden and silicate construction with the same thermo-technical properties, the same architecture and disposition. The analysis was performed using the LCA method and the SimaPro program. The results of the work are documented and compared differences between wooden and silicate construction in terms of impact on the environment during the lifetime of the buildings.