In the diploma thesis we dealt with tropical woods, which use their exceptional properties in the exterior construction of wooden constructions. The contribution of this work is a comprehensive overview of the anatomical structure of the studied tropical woods. In the lab we present the results of the Tescan Vega scanning electron microscope, the Nikon ECLIPSE E200 light microscope and the Fiber Tester equipment. These measurements were performed on 7 samples of tropical woods (bangkirai, cumaru, cumaru rosa, ipé, jatobá, kusia and massaranduba). In microscopic analyzes, we determined the dimensional parameters of vessels, rays and librifom fibers. The largest mean tangential vessel diameter is 209 μm for kusia wood, the highest average rays height 605 μm, bangkirai wood. We determined the length, width, and curvature factor for fibers. The highest average fiber lengths were recorded for kusia and jatobá wood, the smallest ipé wood. At fiber width, the highest values were found for kusia wood 27 μm, and massaranduba wood 24 μm. From the fiber-shape factor analysis, we noticed that the largest curvature of the fibers had jatobá of 89.4%. We have evaluated these data and created a graphical overview of each monitored object's parameters. It was found that between each tree species there is a statistically significant difference in fiber length and width, which was confirmed by Duncan's test. It has been shown that similarity in terms of length and width of the fiber has not been statistically confirmed in the gender–like (genus Diperyx) tropical woods cumaru and cumaru rosa.