Bachelor thesis deals with biology and ecology of two Martes species in Slovakia and Europe. On the basis of Slovak and foreign literature I described two marten species: Pine marten Martes martes and Beech marten Martes foina. The work is focused on acquiring and processing information about biology, ecology, population dynamics, hunting management and protection of martens in Slovakia and Europe.Martens are medium sized predators. Martes martes and Martes foina can be found in majority of habitat types of Central Europe. They are similar in foraging ecology and other behavioral aspects. Martens are primary nocturnal animals, but Martes martes are more diurnal animals but have significantly reduced activity during, autumn and winter. Boths species occupy different habitats and are often complementary distributed. Martes foina prefers living around human settlements and avoids meadows and woods, which in opposite, are optimal for Martes martes. North geographic range borderline of Beech marten is in northern Europe (Denmark, Latvia, Estonia), in eastern Europe borderline is in Ukraine, Belarus and western part of Russia. Range borderline of Pine marten is running along Scandinavia and Russia to Ural mountains.Martes martes and Martes foina belong among the most similar animals from sympatic species in Europe, due to their phylogenetic relationship, morphology, behavior, activity patterns and diet. Time for hunting Beech marten and European Pine marten Slovakia is from December to February, in other time martens could be hunted only in pheasant breeding facilities and in areas with occurrence of Capercaillie. Marten skull, canines, whole body and stuffed head are considered as trophies. Pine marten belongs between predators which fulfills a significant ecostabilizing function, but it has very low importance for hunting because of their rare occurrence and nocturnal activity. Beech marten and European pine marten belong among endangered species.