The aims of this diploma thesis weredescribing the structure of the littoral macrofauna of selected Tatra Mts. lakes based on the data acquired in 2016, and (using older data) to identify long-term changes in the composition of the macrozoobenthos communities that could record the biological recoveryof the lakes. Macrozoobenthos was sampled in 17 TatraMts. Lakes (15 lakeson the Slovak side and 2 on the Polish side of Tatra Mts.). A total of 4 991 individuals were processed, andidentifiedinto 43 taxons belonging to 9 higher taxonomic groups. Because the data from previous years were not sampled as a set of lakes of a particular year, six study periods representing the years of sampling(I. – 2000, II. – 2004, III. – 2007, IV. – 2009, 2011, V. – 2013, 2014, VI. – 2016)have been used for the analysisWhen comparing variations in the diversity of acidified and non – acidified lakes, a direct trend in the increase of species richness in acidified lakes is evident, accompanied by decreases and increases in diversity in nonacidified lakes. During studied periods, the ordinational analysis showed significant time changes in the communities of acidified lakes and no significant oscillations of the communities of unaffected lakes. The taxonomic composition of non – acidified lakeshas not significantly changed in terms of addition of the new species, but rather in their multiplicity. In contrary, in acidified lakesthere are significant changes in composition of the communities and the addition of species over a longer time.