The capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is considered to be an indicator of high biodiversity and umbrella species of a temperate mountain range, but in the last four decades its population has dropped by 70% in Slovakia. One of the main factors behind its decline is the loss of habitat (loss of habitat, fragmentation), which causes the loss of connectivity, which ultimately leads to the loss of genetic diversity. Regarding TANAP, there has been a fragmentation of the Tatra Forest from the past due to the effects of wind calamities and the subsequent bark beetle outbreaks, and now also the expansion of sports recreational facilities. In order to better understand the changes in the spread of the capercaillie in space and time in the territory of the Tatra Mountains, we have carried out a detailed analysis of each element of the secondary landscape structure and mapped its occurrence in the past and present. Based on this data, we created a model of suitable habitat for the past and present in MaxEnt. The work points to a larger area of suitable habitats of the capercaillie in the past, which were lowered at a peak of about 1300 above sea level. In present, the area of the capercaillie habitats has decreased in comparison to the past and their displacement towards the upper boundary of the forest, with a peak of about 1400 above sea level and the provable extinction of 23 locations of the capercaillie occurrence. The main cause of the decline and displacement of suitable habitats of the capercaillie are wind calamities and salvage logging for the forester a duty by the law to harvest it. Negative impact on the population is the large-scale decay of the spruce through the influence of bark beetle (Javorová dolina) and the construction of new slopes on the south side of the Tatra Mountains (T. Lomnica, Š. Pleso). In the work we suggest several measures to improve the population of the capercaillie in TANAP.