The thesis is focused on the landscape fragmentation and fragmentation of thepopulations due to transportation infrastructure. The emphasis is placed on one of the mostserious negative effect of landscape fragmentation due to barrier effect, namely mortality ofanimals in consequence of collisions between vehicles and wildlife on the roads of Zilinaself-governing region and relation between components of structure of land cover and mortalityanimals on roads. The thesis also assesses the factors influencing traffic accidents – faunacasualties and black spots on roads in the Slovak republic. The major factors that were evaluatedinclude road class, intensity of the traffic, date of collisions and time of collisions. The thesisalso deals with traffic accidents – fauna casualties and black spots in terms of the location of theelements of the General Plan of Supraregional Territorial System of Ecological Stability andprotected areas.