The topic of bachelor thesis is traditional and new thermal insulating materials from the point of view of fire prevention and sound insulation. The bachelor thesis contains basic knowledge about heat transfer as well as important parameters in terms of acoustics. It also includes the dividing of thermal insulating materials and their subsequent characteristics, focusing mainly on thermal insulation, fire and technical properties and acoustic properties. Part of the thesis is also a comparison of the thermal insulating materials themselves on the basis of their properties and achieved parameters, which also represents the aim of the work. The work also covers the legislative requirements for peripheral cladding in terms of thermal and fire protection of buildings.