Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of unemployment, its characteristics, causes and relation with the Labour Market. The term labour market is understand as offer job opportunities and labour supply. We can say that there are a job vacancy and a worforce looking for job. If we lived in an ideal world these two items would be, what are the concerns, balanced, but in real life such a combination does not exist. Bachelor thesis is a theoretical in nature, and it deals with the characteristics of the concepts relating to the topic, as well as their classification and the factors that influence them. The causes of unemployment in a region of Banská Bystrica in comparison with the causes of unemployment in Slovakia are analyzed. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the main causes of disparities in unemployment rate in the region of Banská Bystrica and in the Slovakia. We noted the recommendations and proposals for professional practice, drawn up on the basis of theoretical knowledge study.