Unwanted by-product of wood sanding is wood dust, which is a major risk factor for the working environment. The aim of the study is design and realization of experiment in order to assess the influence of selected factors (type of wood, grain size of the abrasive) on the amount of wood dust concentration during handheld sanding operation. An aerosol monitor (e.g., TSI Inc., Model DustTrak DRX 8533) was used to measure the concentration of wood dust. The maximal mass concentration was reached at spruce sanding with 80 grade of sandpaper. On the other side, the minimum value of aerosol mass concentration was measured at beech sanding with 80 (120) grade of sandpaper for inhalable (respirable) fraction.