This thesis aimed to provide information on the distribution and diversity of the obsolete varieties and landraces of Malus domestica and Pyrus communis and the distribution of Sorbus domestica in The White Carpathians. Totally, 2194 individuals of Malus domestica were recorded, including 150 obsolete varieties and 335 landraces and 978 individuals of Pyrus communis, represented by 57 obsolete varieties and 51 landraces. In the research, 271 Sorbus domestica individuals were determined in different type of localities. We focused on not only the evaluation of the condition and characteristics of obsolete varieties and landraces of the species, but the proposal of practical gene pool orchard management as well as the proposal of the topic integration into the curricula of secondary schools. We tried to recognize the impact of natural and social-economic factors on the varieties distribution. Pyrus communis was significantly related to at least one natural factor and Malus domestica at least one social-economic factor. The thesis contributes to the knowledge of the problematics and the effective protection setting.